北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解北京地区奶牛隐性乳房炎中金黄色葡萄球菌的感染情况及对常用药物的敏感性,用科玛嘉显色培养基和16SrRNA PCR检测方法对5个奶牛场的100份隐性乳房炎奶样进行金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定,采用K-B纸片扩增法进行药敏试验。结果表明,显色培养基分离到24株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌,经16SrRNA PCR鉴定,15株为金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示,15株金黄色葡萄球菌均对β-内酰胺类中的氨苄西林产生普遍耐药性,对克林霉素和环丙沙星的耐药率较高,分别为53.33%和40%;对氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟和头孢曲松的耐药性较低,耐药率为6.67%。说明15株金黄色葡萄球菌分离株对7类9种抗菌药物都有不同程度的耐药性。     

仔猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌的分离鉴定及系统进化分析

为了解猪雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌(P.rettgeri)的生物学特性、致病性及16SrRNA基因系统进化关系,从发生严重腹泻、血便的哺乳仔猪群的内脏器官中分离到1株病原菌,根据形态特征、培养特性、生化特性、16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定为P.rettgeri。小鼠攻毒试验证实,该分离菌株对试验小鼠有较强致病力,哺乳仔猪回归试验可复制出与临床上相似的典型症状,并从发病死亡小鼠及哺乳仔猪中分离到攻毒菌株。系统进化分析表明,分离菌株与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌系统进化关系最为密切,其16SrRNA基因序列与雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌代表菌株的同源性在97.3%~99.6%之间。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢哌酮钠、头孢噻肟钠、头孢曲松钠、头孢唑啉、头孢呋肟、头孢吡肟、阿莫西林、链霉素、氨曲南、诺氟沙星、左氟沙星、恩诺沙星、卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、米诺环素、链霉素、阿米卡星等多数药物敏感。首次报道了雷极氏普罗菲登斯菌可以引起哺乳仔猪严重腹泻,提示在仔猪腹泻中应注意该菌感染的诊断、监测和防控。     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

Study on Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorous on the Resistance of E.coli to Chloramphenicol and its Mechanism

This study was designed to explore the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on the resistance of E.coli from environment and the mechanism.Microcosms were established to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on the resistant phenotype of E.coli to chloramphenicol (CHL).cat gene of isolated drug-resistant strains and susceptible strains were detected.The results showed that,different concentration of nitrogen and phosphorous could induce the formation of antibiotics resistance of E.coli to CHL.The rate of cat gene of 46 strains of chloramphenicol resistant E.coli was 89.13%,which was 0 in the 16 strains of chloramphenicol sensitive E.coli.The results indicated that,nitrogen and phosphorous in the microcosms could induce the formation and maintenance of resistance to chloramphenicol in E.coli,which had correlation with cat gene.     

Cloning,Expression of Clostridium perfringens α-toxin Gene and Preparation of its Antisera

One pair of primers had been designed and synthesized based on the α-toxin gene of Clostridium perfringens.The complete α-toxin gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and then was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector to construct pGEM-T-α.Digested with EcoRⅠ and Hind Ⅲ, a fragment of 1125 bp was cloned into the expression plasmid vector pET-28a(+).The recombinant plasmid was transformed into the BL21(DE3)plys and induced by 1.0 mmol/L IPTG at 37 ℃.The expression product was found to be 46.1 ku as expected one identified by SDS-PAGE, and confirmed by Western blotting with Clostridium perfringens type A antisera, indicating similar reactivity with native α-toxin.Recombinant α-toxin protein was simultaneously found in culture supernatant, postsonic supertanant and inclusion bodies, most protein was expressed in inclusion bodies, which indicated recombinant α-toxin protein was expressed in the extracellular, periplasm and cytoplasm.Recombinant α-toxin protein in postsonic supertanant could not make mice die, indicating its non-toxicity.Toxin-antitoxin neutralization test showed that antisera of recombinant α-toxin protein were specific to α-toxin.Upon immunization of rabbit with the recombinant α-toxin protein, antisera with high antibody titer neutralizing 100 MLD toxin per 1 mL were prepared.     

扭角羚肺炎克雷伯氏菌的分离鉴定

本试验旨在报告四川省野生扭角羚自然生存过程中致病性细菌的检测及生物学特征。试验对发病死亡扭角羚病变组织进行细菌学检查及分离,对分别从肝脏、脾脏和肺脏分离得到的4株优势菌进行形态特征、生化特性和16SrDNA分子鉴定,判定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。这4株菌对供试小白鼠均有致病性。测其LD50,分别为2.9×107、2.9×107、4.5×107和1.1×108 CFU/只。4株分离菌对供试的先锋霉素等敏感,对阿米卡星等中度敏感,对红霉素等耐药。推测这4株肺炎克雷伯氏菌是导致扭角羚死亡的主要病原菌。     

贵州某野生动物园长臂猿流感病毒、支原体及巴氏杆菌混合感染的诊治

为弄清贵州某野生动物园长臂猿死亡的原因,本试验采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检诊断和RT-PCR检测确诊等方法,对该野生动物园发病长臂猿进行了诊断。试验结果显示,流行病学调查、剖检病理初步诊断该野生动物园长臂猿疑似流感病毒、支原体和细菌混合感染,RT-PCR/PCR检测确诊发病长臂猿为流感病毒、支原体混合感染,细菌分离培养、生化特性鉴定和动物致病性试验确诊为多杀性巴氏杆菌感染。结果表明造成该野生动物园长臂猿发病死亡的原因为流感病毒、支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染。根据诊断及药敏试验结果,制定出了免疫预防及治疗措施。     

microRNA let-7调控动物个体发育的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类广泛存在于多细胞动物中的进化保守的大小为18~25nt的非编码小分子RNA,可以通过与靶基因mRNA的非编码区(3′UTR)结合导致mRNA降解,或阻断mRNA翻译而调节基因表达。let-7是在线虫中发现的具有转录后调节功能的小分子RNA,具有高度的保守性,研究发现,let-7参与动物个体多个器官组织的发育过程。作者综述了近年来let-7参与调控脑、神经系统、心肺系统和肌肉发育等组织器官的研究成果,初步阐述了let-7调控组织器官发育的作用机制,以期为进一步探索let-7在动物体内的功能奠定基础。     

Isolation and Identification of one Strain of H9 Subtype Avian Influenza Virus and Study on its Biological Characteristics

In 2013,one case of suspected H9 subtype avian influenza occurred in a chicken farm of Jilin povince.Clinical samples were collected from the diseased farm,inoculated into the allantoic cavity of 9-day-old SPF chicken embryo,and then one strain of virus was isolated.The results of HA test,HI test and molecular biology test all showed that the isolate belonged to H9 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV).The HA cleavage site of the isolate was RSSR↓GLF,which was consisted with the molecular characteristic of low pathogenic AIV.The HA peptide chain had 9 potential glycosylation sites which were same as other isolates of recent years.The isolate had 8 receptor binding sites,including 234 receptor binding site by glutamine (Q) mutating into threonine (T).The phylogenetic tree revealed the isolate belonged to Eurasian lineages and it had far genetic relationship with the earliest domestic isolate (A/Chicken/Beijing/1/94(H9N2)),but had close genetic relationship with the representative strain (A/Chicken/Guangxi/55/2005(H9N2)) of major epidemic branch since 2007.We prepared an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine of the isolate,and then vaccinated SPF chicken.21 days after vaccination,the HI titer of chicken serum antibody reached up to 10log2.The result suggested the isolate had good immunogenicity.     

Construction and Identification of PRRSV ORF5 Gene Prokaryotic Expression Vector

The present study was designed to construct recombinant plasmids,which could express porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ORF5 gene.RNA was extracted from spleen and lung samples of the suspected pigs which were infected with PRRSV.According to PRRSV ORF5 gene,a pair of primers was designed for RT-PCR amplification.The ORF5 target gene was cloned into pMD19-T vector and then the recombinant pMD19-ORF5 was achieved.According to the sequencing results and the characteristics of expression vectors,a pair of primers with NcoⅠand XbaⅠenzyme cleavage sites was designed.Target fragment dORF5 was amplified and then connected to pProEXHTb and pNZ8149 vectors,respectively.And recombinant HTb-dORF5/DE3 and pNZ8149-dORF5/NZ3900 was induced by IPTG and Nisin,respectively,and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Recombinant HTb-dORF5/DE3 induced by 1.5 mmol/L IPTG was expressed in the highest quantity.There were specific band at about 22 ku with reactionogenicity when it was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Recombinant pNZ8149-dORF5/NZ3900 induced by 20 ng/mL Nisin was expressed in the highest quantity.There were specific band at about 19 ku with reactionogenicity when it was tested by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The IFA result showed specific green fluorescence.This study successfully constructed recombinant plasmids HTb-dORF5 and pNZ8149-dORF5 and expressed,the result laid a solid foundation for further development of PRRS vaccines.